They are encased by a non-expandable connective tissue sheath called the tunica albuginea.Contain large amounts of connective tissue and elastic fibres but limited erectile tissue.Tom cat – cone shaped with Keratinised Papillae, directed caudally.Dog – substantial glans penis which is divided into the bulbus glandis found proximally and the pars longa glandis found distally.Stallion – Mushroom shaped with slight protrusion of the urethral process.Ram – large extension of the urethral process.Boar – corkscrew shaped with a left hand thread.Glans Penis Morphology - Copyright Amy Cartmel Within the prepuce are varying amounts of striated muscle fibres the cranial prepucial muscles responsible for retracting the prepuce and the caudal prepucial muscles responsible for protracting the prepuce. The prepuce is hairless and contains many smegma secreting glands important for lubrication between the shaft of the penis and the prepuce during copulation. The prepuce is the skin sheath that conceals the penis when it is flaccid and is formed by an invagination of the abdominal skin. The glans penis is highly populated with sensory nerves. For example the boars “corkscrew” glans penis corresponds to the many interdigitating prominences of the sow’s cervix. There is a great variation in the morphology of the glans penis between species which often correspond to the female tract morphology. At the end of the penis the corpus spongiosum expands over the distal end of the corpus cavernosum to form the Glans penis, bringing the urethra to the extremity of the penis. It commences at the bulb of the penis as an enlargement of the spongy tissue of the pelvic urethra. ![]() The corpus spongiosum is a vascular tissue sleeve surrounding the urethra. In the dog the distal corpus cavernosum is transformed into bone to form the Os penis which plays an important part in the dog achieving intromission with the bitch during copulation.The corpus cavernosum is made up from the paired columns of cavernous tissue surrounded by connective tissue known as the crura of the penis or corpora cavernosa. There are two types of penis: the musculovascular and fibroelastic penis. It is formed from three parts two Corpora cavernosa, comprising of cavernous tissue and a connective tissue sheath the tunica albuginea, and the single Corpus Spongiosum which contains the urethra encased in a vascular tissue sleeve.
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